Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition affecting aging men, characterized by the enlargement of the prostate gland, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Traditional treatments include pharmacological interventions such as alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, as well as surgical procedures like transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

However, these treatments often come with side effects and limitations. In recent years, regenerative medicine approaches, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and exosome-based therapies, have emerged as promising alternatives for managing BPH.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells in BPH Treatment MSCs are multipotent stem cells capable of differentiating into various cell types and exerting immunomodulatory and

anti-inflammatory effects. Studies suggest that MSCs can contribute to prostate tissue regeneration by reducing fibrosis and inflammation while promoting cellular repair.

Additionally, MSCs have been shown to modulate transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of BPH2.

Exosome-Based Therapy  Exosomes, extracellular vesicles secreted by MSCs, contain bioactive molecules such as microRNAs, proteins, and lipids that facilitate intercellular communication and tissue repair. Research indicates that exosomes derived from MSCs can mitigate prostatic hyperplasia by modulating inflammatory pathways and reducing stromal proliferation. Their ability to deliver therapeutic cargo to target cells makes them a promising

non-invasive treatment option.

Recent Advances and Clinical ImplicationsRecent studies highlight the potential of MSCs and exosomes in BPH treatment. A review on prostate stem cells and treatment strategies emphasizes the role of stem cell-based therapies in reducing prostate enlargement and improving LUTS. Furthermore, research on TGF-β activation and MSC recruitment suggests that targeting this pathway could enhance therapeutic outcomes.

Conclusion the use of MSCs and exosomes in BPH treatment represents a novel and potentially effective approach to managing the condition. By harnessing their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, these therapies offer a promising alternative to conventional treatments.